Elastic-fluid turbine.



G. WESTINGHOUSE. ELASTIG FLUID TURBINE. Lrrmounon FILED SEPT. 27, 1904,

935,286. Patented Sept. .28, 1909.-

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H/J'ATTORNEYIN FACT.

G. WESTINGHOUSE. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED STPT. 27, 190.4.

Patented sepu. 28,1909.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

.e. WESTINGHOUSE." 'ELASTIG FLUID TURBINE.

I I APILIOATIOR FILED SEPT. 27, 1904. I

' 935 86, Patented Se 8, 1909.

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GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE, or rrrrseune, PENNSYLVANIA, assrenon no THEWESTING- HOUSE MACHINE COMPANY, A oonronerrouor PENNSYLVANIA.

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Specification of Letters Patent. P t te g m, 2 8, 1999,

"Application filed September 27; 1904.. Serial No. 226,130.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known. that I, GEORGE VVESTING- itonsn, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and a resldent of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny andState of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement inElastic-Fluid Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to elastic fluid turblues, and as an object hasthe production of a turbine simple and compact of structure andextremely efficientin its ilutilization of the motive fluid.

A- further object has .becnto produce a turbine in which substantiallyall-of the fluid expansion occurs within rotatable agent-s.

' A still further object has been to provide means in a turbine wherebythe harmful effects (such harmful effects relate entirely to etliciency)due to fluid lea age between the rotor and stator are reduced to theminimum.

These as well as many other objects readily appearing to one-skilled inthe art, are attained in the turbine structure described in thisspecification and illustrated in the ac-, companying drawings throughoutwhich similar elements are denoted by like characters. v I

As the stator as well as the rotor of a turbine embodying this inventionmay be of any desired design and as this invention relates principallyto the'fluid working agents a complete turbine is not illustrated.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a sectional View of a portion of a turbineembodying this invention: Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on line A'-Ain Fig. 1: Fig. 3 is a developed section taken on lines BB in Figs. 1and 2: Fig. 4: is a View similar to Fig. 1, illustrating a modified formof this invention: Fig. 5 is a view taken on line C-C in Fig. at: Figs.6 and 7 are views'siniilar to Figs. l and 5 and illustrate anothermodification of this inventionFig. 8 is a partial sectional view throughthe nozzles 8 and blades 9 at right angles to the plane of Fig. 1. i 1 1In all forms of this invention the fluid utilizing agents on the rotorare formed so that the motive fluid in its course therethrough producesa three-fold effect, that is to say, on entering said agents the fluiddelivers up a certain portion of its energy to the rotor; the fluid jetis then deflected, thereby delivering another portion of its energy and,passing a throat, it expands so that its speed is raised and it finallyleaves the agents acting by reaction to deliver up a further portion ofits energy. :lt'is essential that the throat mentioned be arranged wellbehind the center of deflection so that no'expansion takes place untilafter the fluid stream has beenreversed indirection where by all thereactive effect due to expansion acts in the direction of rotationof therotor. From Figs. 1, fl and 6 it will be seen that the constructionillustrated contemplates a double flow turbine, but it will be understood that this invention is equally applicable'to a single flowturbine,and that when so applied any of the well-known means for counteractingthe longitudinal thrust of the rotor may be utilized, and this inventiontherefore is not limited to either a single or double flow machine.Neither is it limited to a parallel fiow turbine, but may be applied inmodified forms to radial as well as parallel flow, either inward oroutward.

The motive fluid which hereafter for the sakeof clearness will be calledsteam, although this invention is not liinited to the use of steam sinceany other suitableelastic fluid may be. utilized, enters the steam spacethrough expansion nozzles 8. These expansion nozzles S'inay be as manyin number as desired and may lead from an annular steam channel (notshown) extending around the turbine and may. be arranged in pairs orsets of any number and may either be divergent or not as is necessary.

The steam issuing from the nozzles 8 11npinges on an annular set ofblades 9 carried by the rotor and which are adapt-ed to absorb all ofthe velocity of the steam issuing from said nozzles. Thesteani issuingfrom impulse blades Sis collected in a steam chamber 10 and issuestherefrom in both directions through reaction nozzles 11. lieactionnozzles 11 provided with a con racted throat 12 are preferably of theform illustrated" in Fig. 3 and are obliquely disposed to the axis oftherotor whereby the maximum reactive effect is secured.

The nngularity of the steam jet issuing from nozzles '11 is changedbymeans of tionary guide vanes 13 fixed to the casing,

and the fluid spaces between said guide vanes, which are arranged in anannular row around the stator, are preferably of equal area from theirinlets to their outlets providing an unrestricted gradual change indirection. The steam. issuing from the passages between the guide vanes13': enters a row of reaction nozzles 14 each of which is provided witha contracted throat as, illustrated in Fig. 1 and of an areasufficiently greater than the area of nozzles 11 to pro-.

vide for'the expanded steam.

Theysteam on issuing from nozzles 14 has' its angularity changedby meansof fixed vanes 15 similar to vanes 13 butof greater length whereby anincreased steam space over the spaces between blades 13 is secured.-

On issuing frombetween blades 15 the steam enters another row ofreaction nozzles 16 similar to nozzles'14'but of'sufiiciently greaterarea to accommodate the expansion.

After issuing from nozzles 16 the angularity of the steam is. againchanged by a row 17 of guide vanes and from said guide vanes it will bepassed to the exhaust end of the turbine through a suitable number ofrows of moving and stationary blades and vanes whereby its remainingpressure and velocity are fractionallyexpanded and the energy soobtained applied to the rotor.

As many rows .oi. reaction nozzles and guide vanes as are desired tosecure the desired pressure drops may be employed, and

this invention is not limited to any certain number of such reactionnozzles and guide vanes, nor to any certain number of impact andreaction blades and vanes, which impact and reaction blades and vaneswill be similar to the blading of the Parsons type of turbine. a

Located exteriorly to each row of reaction nozzles and between theshroud 18 thereof and the stator casing an interleaving seal 19 isprovided, and each of said seals is preferably divided and provided witha steam channel 20 which leads from a point-bee tween any two of theleaves of said sealto a point of the reaction nozzle whereby the steamwhich passes the first series of leaves formed of two similar cylinders21 grooves are formed of the shape it is desired to give respectivelytothe sides and inner walls of the reaction nozzles. The parts of themetal left remaining as shown at 25 (Fig. 2) form the sidewalls of thenozzles and the outer walls or shrouds are formed by annular rings, orring segments, secured to side .walls 25,; the ends 26 of said side.walls project through said rings and are riveted OV eI :fI ;l S shownin Fig. 2.

The shro f'dring-for nozzles 11 forms the outer, wall-oi the annularsteam chamber 10 and alsoca'rries the set of impulse blades 9 throughwhicli3the steam enters the annular chamber 10.

The shroudi'ng rings for the nozzles are shaped on their innerperipheries to form the outer surface of the nozzles and the contractedthroats therefor. v

Where the series of nozzles is not continuous throu hout the entirecircumference of the rotor t m construction illustrated in Figs.

4 and 5 may be utilized, and in this construction the rotor need onlyconsist of two parts as shown in Fig. 4 and each of said parts providedin its respective periphery at places where the nozzles are required,with undercut slots 26 into which nozzle blocks or segments 27 areslipped. These blocks are provided with slots, milled or otherwiseformed, to the shape of the outer and side walls'of the nozzles and thebottom of the slot or groove 26 is suitably shaped so as to form theinner walls of said nozzles The blocks are further secured. againstdisplacement by centrifugal force by means of rings 28 which may, ifdesired, be shrunk on. 4

-In Figs. 6 and of the nozzles is shown in which the nozzles 7 amodified construction' are formed by'slots milled out of blocks 29similar to blocks 27, but in place of cutting the slots from the innerperiphery .of the blocks they are formed at the outer periphery, and theboundary of the nozzles is formed by shrink rings 30. Blocks 29 arepreferably dovetailed 'or wedge-shaped in two parts, that is to "say,the dovetail faces of the block slightly converge, as indicated bydotted lines 31 Fig. 7 in the direction of flow'of the motive fluidwhereby the pressure of said fluid tends totighten the blocks in theirrespective grooves.

The number .of sl ts and blocks'will of course depend upon the number ofgroups structing the groups of nozzles is not restricted to turbinesconstructed inthe mann'er hereinbefore described but is applicable -toturbines of other constructions.

It will liQ'tlIldBI'StOOd, although the nozzles are shown contracted toa throat both radially and circumferentially the whole of thecontraction may takeplace circumferen. tially so that the-outer andinner walls of tllG'flOZZlBS are parallelto one another, in whichcasecomplete rings may be employed in place of the segments indicated inFigs.

claim as new and useful and desireto seof stationary agents alternatingwith said verted into velocity, a row of movable mem- 2 and 7 for.forming the outer boundaries of the nozzles.

Having thus described this invention, its construction and modifiedforms thereof, as well as its mode of operation, what I cure by LettersPatent is L In an elastic fluid turbine, agents wherein the motive fluidin its course therethrough gives up a portion of its energy first byim-' pact, then on being deflected, by impulse, and finally afterreduction in pressure and increase of speed, by reacti0n.

In an elastic fluid turbine,a plurality of rows of moving agent-swhereby the fluid pressure is converted into velocity and said velocityabstracted, and a plurality of rows rows of moving agents, wherebywithout creating pressure drops the angularity of the fluid stream ischanged. i

3. In an elastic fluid turbine, nozzles whereby a portion of the fluidpressure is conbcrs absorbing such velocity, a rotatable collectingchamber for the motive fluid issuing from said members,instrumentalities whereby the fluid issuing from said collecting chamberhas a. portion of .its pressure converted into velocity and abstractedand a plurality of rows of moving blades and stationary vanes wherebythe flinch-after hav-' ing its velocity abstracted, is fractionallyexpanded and converted into rotary motion.

l. In an elasticfluid turbine, an expansion nozzle, a row of movableimpulse blades ob sorbing the velocity of the fluid issuing from saidnozzles, a rotatable fluid collecting chamber receiving the fluid fromsaid impulse blades and an interleaving seal adjacent to said impulseblades between the turbine rotor and st-ator.

In an elastic fluid turbine, a rotor provided with an undercut groove orchannel, a nozzle block fitting said groove and a ring shrunk onto saidrotor whereby said nozzle block is held against upward movement.

(3. In an elastic fluid turbine, a turbine rotor comprising twocylindrically formed members each fitting an undercut groove or channelin its periphery, a keyring between said members provided with a portionoverlying a portion of each of said channels, and a ring comprisingfluid working agents in each of said channels and held against movementby the portions which overlie said channels.

7. in an elastic fluid turbine, in combination with its statorcontaining nozzles whereby a. portion of the thermal energy of theentcring working fluid is converted into kinetic energy in the form ofvelocity, a. rotor, inipulse blades carried by the rotorwhercby theenergydue to said velocitv is absorbed, l

a chamber communicating with the outlets of said blades and forming aconnecting chamber wherein no expansion oi the motive fluid thereinoccurs, an d reaction nozzles on the rotor fed from said chamber.

8. In an elastic fluid turbine, a rotor provided with rows of reactionnozzles, a casing provided with rows of stationary vanes. :i

:rotor provided with a reaction nozzle, :1 fliiid seal. between saidrotor and said casing and means for discharging the fluid entering saidseal into said nozzle.

11. In an elastic fluid turbine, a casing, a rotor, alternate rows ofnozzles and vanes, fluid seals mounted between said casing and saidrotor and means for discharging the fluid leakage entering said sealsinto said nozzles. I

12. In'an elastic flu1d turbine, a casing. a

rotor, alternate rows of nozzles and vanes, an

interleaving seal between said casing and said rotor, and a passagebetween said seal and said nozzles whereby the fluid leakage enteringsaid seal is delivered to said nozzles.

13. In an elastic fluid turbine, a stationary i :asing provided withdirecting vancs,n rotor provided with reaction nozzles which alternatewith said directing vanes, an interleaving seal between saidrotornozzles and the inner peripheral face of said casing and fluid passageslocated between the leaves of said seal and communicatingwith saidnozzles.

14. In an elastic fluid turbine, agents, wherein the motive fluid in itscourse therethrough gives-up a portion of its energy by impulse, aplurality of rows of moving agents whereby the fluid pressure isconverted into velocity and said velocity abstracted, a plurality ofrows of stationary agents alternating with said rows of moving agents,whereby, without creating pressure drops, the angularity o1t,,the fluidstream is changed.

15. In an elastic fluid turbine, nozzles "whereby a portion of the fluidpressure is converted into velocity, a row of movable members absorbingsuch velocity, a rotatable collecting chamber for the motive fluidissuing from said members, instrumentalities whereby the fluid issuingfrom said collectin chamber has a portion of its pressure converted intovelocity and abstracted and a plurality of alternate annular rows otmoving llO nozzles and stationary elements whereby the fluid, afterhaving its velocity abstracted, is fractionally. expanded and theresultant available energy. is converted into rotary motion. I

16. In an elasticfluid turbine, a casing provided with inwardlydischarging nozzles -.-:-,,whereby a portion of the thermal energy ofthe working fluid in the same is converted into kinetic energy in theform of velocity, a

j rotor, impulse blades on said rotor and formed so that the energy dueto said veloction of the thermal energy of the working fluid enteringthe same is converted into kinetic energy in the form of velocity, arotor, agents carried by the rotor for abstracting the energy renderedavailable by said nozzles, a chamber formed in said rotor receivingfluid from said agent and alternate rows of reaction nozzles anddirecting vanes receivin fluid from said chamber.

18. in an elastic fluid turbine, a rotor provided with a plural ty ofrows of working elements wherein the motive fluid gives up a portion ofits energy by reaction, acasing provided with a plurality of rowsoffluid directing elements, a shroud for each of the working elements,and an interleaving seal between said shroud and said casin it). In anelastic fluid turbine, a casing, a rotor provided with a pluralityofworking elements adapted to abstract energy from the motive fluid byreaction, fluid seals between I said rotor and said casing, and meansfor discharging fluid entering said seals into said working elements.

20. In an elastic fluid turbine,'a casing, a

rotor provided with a plurality of working elements arranged man annularrow and.

adapted to abstract energy from the .motive fluid by reaction, a shroudfor said elements, and a fluid seal between saidshroud and said casin i21. In an elastic fluid turbine, a rotor comprising two cylindricalportions provided with undercut slots, which are formed in' theirperipheral faces, a ring provided with a plurality of working agentslocated in each of said slots, a key ring for securing each of saidrings in place in said slots, and means for looking all of said ringstogether.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed iny name this 20th dayof September,

GEO. WESTINGHOUSE.

Witnesses:

' G. L. RYDER,

DAvmWmLmMs.

